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PHP openssl_encrypt

PHP original manual for openssl_encrypt [ show | php.net ]

openssl_encrypt

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7)

openssl_encrypt — Encrypts data

Description

string openssl_encrypt ( string $data , string $method , string $key [, int $options = 0 [, string $iv = "" [, string &$tag = NULL [, string $aad = "" [, int $tag_length = 16 ]]]]] )

Encrypts given data with given method and key, returns a raw or base64 encoded string

Parameters

data

The plaintext message data to be encrypted.

method

The cipher method. For a list of available cipher methods, use openssl_get_cipher_methods().

key

The key.

options

options is a bitwise disjunction of the flags OPENSSL_RAW_DATA and OPENSSL_ZERO_PADDING.

iv

A non-NULL Initialization Vector.

tag

The authentication tag passed by reference when using AEAD cipher mode (GCM or CCM).

aad

Additional authentication data.

tag_length

The length of the authentication tag. Its value can be between 4 and 16 for GCM mode.

Return Values

Returns the encrypted string on success or FALSE on failure.

Errors/Exceptions

Emits an E_WARNING level error if an unknown cipher algorithm is passed in via the method parameter.

Emits an E_WARNING level error if an empty value is passed in via the iv parameter.

Changelog

Version Description
5.3.3 The iv parameter was added.
5.4.0 The raw_output was changed to options.
7.1.0 The tag, aad and tag_length parameters were added.

Examples

Example #1 AES Authenticated Encryption in GCM mode example for PHP 7.1+

<?php
//$key should have been previously generated in a cryptographically safe way, like openssl_random_pseudo_bytes
$plaintext = "message to be encrypted";
$cipher = "aes-128-gcm";
if (in_array($cipher, openssl_get_cipher_methods()))
{
    $ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher);
    $iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($ivlen);
    $ciphertext = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $cipher, $key, $options=0, $iv, $tag);
    //store $cipher, $iv, and $tag for decryption later
    $original_plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, $cipher, $key, $options=0, $iv, $tag);
    echo $original_plaintext."\n";
}
?>

Example #2 AES Authenticated Encryption example for PHP 5.6+

<?php
//$key previously generated safely, ie: openssl_random_pseudo_bytes
$plaintext = "message to be encrypted";
$ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher="AES-128-CBC");
$iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($ivlen);
$ciphertext_raw = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $cipher, $key, $options=OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
$hmac = hash_hmac('sha256', $ciphertext_raw, $key, $as_binary=true);
$ciphertext = base64_encode( $iv.$hmac.$ciphertext_raw );

//decrypt later....
$c = base64_decode($ciphertext);
$ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher="AES-128-CBC");
$iv = substr($c, 0, $ivlen);
$hmac = substr($c, $ivlen, $sha2len=32);
$ciphertext_raw = substr($c, $ivlen+$sha2len);
$original_plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext_raw, $cipher, $key, $options=OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
$calcmac = hash_hmac('sha256', $ciphertext_raw, $key, $as_binary=true);
if (hash_equals($hmac, $calcmac))//PHP 5.6+ timing attack safe comparison
{
    echo $original_plaintext."\n";
}
?>

See Also